Investing & saving

This is where a little trick called ’paying yourself first’ works wonders. You set your savings aside as soon as you’re paid, automatically to a separate account. But it’s easy to see how with inflation and rising costs that we may find ourselves slipping backwards and dipping into savings or even going into debt. We really need to make sure every single dollar has its job to do in our budgets. Here’s more on paying yourself first, plus some tips for making your money go further.

We all have so much information at our fingertips, including on the markets and their effect on our balances. But that’s not always a good thing – especially when we can see our balance fall that much more often. It can put us off investing entirely. Yet this is all part of investing – we’re buying productive assets whose value can go up and down. The key is to have a long-term plan in place and stick to it. And when markets are down, you’ll be buying assets that are on sale. Here’s more on investing in our world of uncertainty.

Sometimes saving’s just not possible when you’re doing it tough. That said, many of us tend to inflate our lifestyles to be in line with our pay, no matter how much it is. We spend as much as we earn, and then some (using debt). A spending plan helps, as well as what’s called ‘paying yourself first’. The idea is, before you pay everyone else, you automatically tuck money away, even just a small amount. This way it goes to your goals – not someone else’s. Here's more on paying yourself first. 

These days as little as $5 can get you started. Investing platforms such as Sharesies, Hatch, InvestNow or Kernel have lowered the barriers to getting started with investing. You no longer need steep amounts of money just to begin. To start though, it helps to map out your spending plan (aka your budget) so that you can flow more money towards your investing. The more you do, the better results you can get. Here's where to start your plan. 

We feel your pain – everyone goes on about compound interest and all that, but if there’s not much around to compound (and it’s still getting taxed), you get nowhere.

And if you were trying to live off your savings like retirees do, it becomes even more challenging. This is why investing is part of everyone’s future, and why many of us are having a go with shares these days. The way to start investing is to learn some basics and give it a go. Now we’re not encouraging everyone to take too many risks (no sense losing sleep over this), but investing can help your money keep growing so you get something back into your pocket. Here’s where to start with investing.

You may already be investing in shares through KiwiSaver, so it’s good to understand how much so you don’t take on more risky investments than you intend. Then, beyond KiwiSaver, depending on what you're looking to achieve with your share investing, it helps to figure out how much of your money you want invested in shares – your mix of investments. To check out the most appropriate mix for you and your situation (often called your ‘risk profile’), here's our investor profiler.  

Both, ideally. And without setting aside savings, there won't be anything to invest! But it always will depend on what that money is for. If you are saving up an emergency fund, for example, you wouldn't typically invest it or lock it away. If you are saving up for a house or retirement, you'll probably want to invest in order to hit these larger targets you're aiming for. Because larger goals take much more to achieve, for many of us investing is part of our future. Here are some fundamentals to investing. 

All investments come with risk, but the level of risk varies greatly. A good place to start is to check your attitude toward risk (no sense losing sleep over your investments, after all), as well as how well placed you are to take on risk, such as your job security and level of debt. That way you can base your investment decisions on an appropriate level of risk for your situation. Here's our profiler for investors to do just that.

It's important to understand the main kinds of investments out there, such as bank deposits, bonds, property and shares. Each of those brings different levels of risk and potential returns. You can invest directly in those investments or into managed funds that hold a mix of them. Once you find the mix of investments you're after, you can then base your choices on that strategy. In terms of how much to invest, it helps to work backwards from what you are aiming to achieve – your investment goal. This way you make sure you hit your target. Here's more on the different kinds of investments. 

It depends on your plans for the money you’re putting aside and how soon you want to use it. Online savings accounts and term deposits are convenient for saving. They’re relatively safe places to park our money and earn a bit of interest, but returns on bank deposits aren’t anywhere near as high as other types of investments. You’ll also typically be taxed more on term deposits than PIEs like KiwiSaver, as they are taxed at different rates. Here’s more on investing in term deposits. 

Whatever gets you the most back. That's typically paying down debt, but it helps to have an emergency fund in place first so that if something pops up, you don’t get further into debt. If you're carrying costly debt from a payday lender, store card or credit card, paying it off is almost like getting a ‘sure return’ of that high interest rate. The interest on savings is typically much lower. Tackle your debt today. 

Yes. It's best to have your emergency stash separate and at the ready. So even though that money will be mostly sitting idle and not earning much interest, it's probably best in an online savings account. You wouldn't want it locked away for longer than a month or two typically. That said, as you build your emergency fund to cover 3, 6 or even 12 months of expenses, you could consider splitting some into term deposits that can earn a bit more, cycling them on and off when their term runs out. Here's more on starting your emergency fund.

We're not able to endorse or recommend specific investment products, especially because we have no idea of your financial situation or your investment goals. But what we can say is that there have been opportunities all around us, whether it be in the share or bond market. For managed growth funds, which hold mostly shares, for example, you can compare performance for the past five years using Smart Investor. Here's where to see the top past performers. 

If by ‘safer’ you mean those investments that have fewer ups and downs in value, and less of a rollercoaster ride, then you are looking for ‘income’ assets such as bonds and cash. Have you heard of ‘defensive’ funds? Out of all the types of managed funds out there (including KiwiSaver), these protect you most from sudden drops in your balance, as they hold mostly bonds and cash. You won’t get the potential returns that you would in other types, but you’re also less likely to be at risk of sudden drops in value or losses. So if you’re going to use your invested money soon, especially within the next 1 to 3 years, they can come in handy. Here are all the defensive managed funds to compare.

No, you need a huge savings rate. This means that you need to be able to put large portions of your earnings aside and invest them. When the amount you receive from your investments (your returns) outpaces your expenses, you become financially independent (ie, you don’t depend on a job for money). This of course depends on what your expenses are as well. So a huge salary is not enough to be independent, since many of us may earn heaps but spend heaps too. It all comes down to your savings rate. Here's more about saving and investing.

The most important is to ‘pay yourself first’ – instead of paying all the bills and saving whatever’s left over, the very first thing you do each pay is send a chunk of money to your savings and investments, before covering things like food shopping and other stuff. This keeps your money flowing where you want it to. Here's more on how this can work for you, and some more savings tips.

The easiest way to start investing from your very first pay is to be in KiwiSaver. Employees are opted in straight away so they don't miss a payday. That money is joined by employer and government money and used to buy investments such as shares in companies or bonds (loans to governments or companies). But KiwiSaver is good for two things: a first home and retirement. For other goals you have, you can invest beyond KiwiSaver into the many kinds of managed funds out there. Here's where to compare them on Smart Investor. 

Micro-investing platforms such as Sharesies, Hatch, InvestNow or Kernel have done a good job of lowering the barriers to getting started with investing. You no longer need steep amounts of money just to begin. But like any ‘tool’ as you call it, whether these are a good idea will depend on the job you are trying to do. That money you're investing ... what's it for? How long do you want to invest for? Questions like these can help you find answers. And in terms of when you're ready, that depends on your financial capability – not your age. Some platforms have kids’ accounts even. It can help to give it a go, as we tend to learn by doing in the investment space. Here's more on getting started. 

What are the chances you might not achieve your goal through investing? That's risk. When you're investing, there are actually many kinds of risks you're taking on (that's why you're getting paid a return after all), not just one. There are both risks that cause the value of your investments to go up and down, as well as the possibility that you might lose your money all together. The documents that come with an investment product by law need to include the main risks you are running when you invest. For KiwiSaver and managed funds, and bond and share offers, you'll find these on Smart Investor.

For the most risky of investments – ‘growth’ investments like shares and commercial property – you would typically experience the widest range of returns: anywhere from as high as 23.9% to as low as -9.0%. And statistically that's 90% of the time, so some results could be even higher or lower. We can't tell the future, but that gives you an idea of what's achievable. (And if anyone promises you a higher return that's outside of the norm, run! It's probably a scam.) Here's our investor profiler to get more of an idea of what results to expect.

Saving for the long-term is the easiest and hardest kind of saving. Hard because the goal is so far off and hazy to focus on. Easy in that your saving only needs to be little and long. Being automatic helps immensely too, which is why investment schemes like KiwiSaver are so effective. To reach long-term goals, your savings will need to be invested, since there is inflation to overcome (when our money buys less and less as time goes by). Here's more for when you're getting started saving and investing.  

Great question! The cost of doing nothing is known as ‘opportunity cost’ – measuring what you could've gained when opportunity knocked. Unfortunately, there is also what you lose over time, particularly due to the effects of inflation and taxes. Many people who are only saving - setting aside money without investing it - are actually rolling backwards as time goes by. Here's some help when you're getting started with investing.

Certainly not! It's never too late to get started on your investing journey and get your money growing towards your goals. That said, investing is not a get-rich-quick scheme, and there's a fair amount of ‘investing’ these days that's more like gambling and speculation. It helps to know the difference. Here are some questions to ask when you're getting started.

Not all women have, actually. The evidence points to us being better at investing than men (avoiding stunts like timing the market, trading often or speculating). We tend to find a better balance between risks and returns. But many of us have been on the investing sidelines, unsure of where to start. We've got to get in the game! Because of how investment returns compound over time, the sooner we start, the better off we’ll be.

Koinei te wā pai e whai hua ai tētahi huatahi e kīia nei ko 'utu i a koe i te tuatahi'. Ka whakataha aunoa koe i ō penapena i te wā ka utua koe, ki tētahi pūkete motuhake. Engari he ngāwari noa te hoki anō ai ki te taumahatanga o te nama, me te kaikai i ngā pūtea penapena nā te tāmi ahumoni me te pikinga utu. Me mātua whakarite i te mahi a ia tāra i roto i te mahere pūtea. Anei ētahi kōrero mō te utu i a koe i te tuatahi, me ētahi huatau mō te whakamahi pūtea kia tawhiti kē atu tana haere.

He nui ngā mātauranga kei ō tātou matimati, tae atu ki ngā mākete me te pānga ki ngā pūtea pēke. Engari ehara tērā i te mea pai i ngā wā katoa - inakoa ka kite koe i te kaha hekenga o ngā tapeke. Kua kore tonu e hiahia ki te haumi anō. Engari koinei tētahi āhua o te haumi - kei te hoko rawa whaihua, he wā anō ka piki, ka heke hoki. Ko te mea nui ko te ū ki tētahi mahere pae tawhiti. I te wā e auheke ana te mākete, kei te hoko koe i ngā rawa iti te utu. Anei ētahi kōrero mō te haumi i te ao tūnekeneke.

He wā anō kāore e taea te penapena i ngā wā taumaha. I runga i tērā, he tokomaha tātou e whakamōmona ana i ō tātou kātū noho kia hāngai ki tō tātou utu, ahakoa taua utu. Ka whakapau i tā tātou i whiwhi ai, neke atu rānei (mā te nama). Ka āwhina te mahere whakapau me te 'utu i a koe i te tuatahi'. Ko te whakaaro ia, i mua i tō utu i tētahi atu, ka aunoa tō penapena, ahakoa he iti. Ka haere ēnei ki ō whāinga - kaua ki ō ētahi atu. Anei ētahi kōrero mō te utu i a koe i te tuatahi.

I ēnei rā, ka taea te haumi mā te $5. Ko ngā pae haumi pēnei i a Sharesies, Hatch, InvestNow, a Kernel rānei, kua whakaheke i ngā tauārai o te mahi haumi. Ehara i te mea me nui ngā moni e tīmata ai. Engari hei tīmatanga, he pai tonu te whakamahere i tō mahere whakapau (arā, mahere pūtea) kia nui ake te rere o ō moni ki te haumi. Te nui atu te painga atu o ngā hua. Anei te wāhi tīmata i tō mahere.

E rongo ana mātou i tō mamae - e kōrero ana hoki te marea mō te huamoni whakaputu me ērā mea, engari mēnā kāore he moni hei whakaputu (ā, e tāketia ana hoki), kua toka tō noho.  Ā, mēnā koe e whakamātau ana ki te noho i runga i ō pūtea penapena pērā i te hunga whakatānga, ka uaua kē atu.  Koirā i noho ai te mahi haumi hei wāhanga o te anamata o te katoa, ā, me te take e haumi ana tātou ki ngā hea i ēnei rā.  Nā, ehara i te mea e akiaki ana mātou i te katoa kia ruku i ngā mahi mōrearea (kei toropuku tō moe), engari mā te haumi ki roto i ngā hea ka āwhina pea i te tipunga o ō moni, e hoki mai ai ētahi ki tō pūkoro. Anei te wāhi ka akona ai koe ki te haumi.

Kua tīmata pea tō haumi ki ngā hea mā Kiwisaver, nō reira he pai tonu kia mārama e hia te nui, kei whāia e koe ētahi haumitanga mōrearea. I tua atu i a Kiwisaver, i runga anō i ō whāinga haumi ki ngā hea, he pai tonu te whakaaro ake e hia ō moni kei te hiahia haumi koe ki ngā hea - tō hanumi haumitanga. E kite ai koe i te hanumitanga tika rawa mōu me tō āhuatanga (e kīia nei ko tō 'kāhua mōrea'), anei tā mātou kaiwhakatau haumitanga.

Ko te painga mēnā ko ngā mea e rua. Ki te kore e penapena, kua kore he moni hei haumitanga! Engari kei runga anō i te āhua o te kaupapa o aua moni. Hei tauira, mēnā kei te penapena koe mō tētahi tahua ohotata, e kore pea koe e haumi i tērā. Mēnā kei te penapena koe mō tētahi whare, te ahungarua rānei, he pai tonu te haumi, e taea ai ēnei ūnga nui e whāia ana. I te mea, he nui ake te mahi whakatinana i ngā whāinga nui, otirā mō te huinga o tātou, ko te haumi tētahi wāhanga o te anamata. Anei ētahi tikanga mō te haumi.

He mōrearea tō ngā haumitanga katoa, engari he tino rerekē te taumata o te mōrearea. Ko tētahi wāhi tīmatanga pai ko te whai whakaaro ki āu ake waiaro ki te mōrea (kāore he hua o te moe toropuku nā te haumitanga), me tō tūnga ki te kuhu ki te mōrea, pēnei i te pai o tō mahi, me te nui o ō nama. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakatau i ō take haumitanga ki te taumata mōrea e tika ana mōu. Anei tā mātou kaiwhakatau haumitanga e taea ai e ngā kaihaumi tēnei mahi.

He mea nui kia mārama ki ngā momo haumitanga matua, pēnei i ngā monikuhu pēke, ngā monihere, ngā whare me ngā hea. He rerekē ngā taumata mōrea o ia o ēnei, me ngā tūpono whiwhinga. Ka taea e koe te haumi hāngai ki aua haumitanga, ki ngā tahua taurima rānei e pupuri ana i te hanumitanga. Kia kitea e koe te momo hanumi o ngā haumitanga e hiahia ana koe, me hāngai ō whiringa ki taua rautaki. Mō te nui o te moni hei haumitanga, he āwhina nui te hoki whakamuri mai i tō whāinga - tō whāinga haumitanga. Mā tēnei, ka tūturu tō eke ki tō ūnga. Anei ētahi kōrero o ngā momo haumitanga.

Kei runga i te āhua o ō whakaaro mō ngā moni e whakatahatia ana e koe, ā, me te tere o tō hiahia ki te whakamahi. He pai ngā pūkete penapena tuihono me ngā kuhunga tūmau. He wāhi haumaru ki te rau i ō moni, me te riro mai o te huamoni paku, engari kāore i eke ki ngā whiwhinga o ētahi atu momo haumitanga. Ka nui ake te tāketia o ngā kuhunga tūmau, tēnā i ngā PIE, pēnei i a Kiwisaver i te mea he rerekē ngā pāpānga tāke. Anei ētahi atu kōrero mō te haumi ki ngā kuhunga tūmau.

Ko te mea e nui ana ngā hua, koinā. Nō reira ko te utu nama pea, engari he pai tonu kia whiwhi tahua ohotata i te tuatahi, ina tūpono mai tētahi mea, kua kore e nui ake tō nama. mēnā he nama taumaha tāu nā tētahi kaituku, he kāri taurewa rānei, me ngana ki te utu i tēnei i te mea he 'whiwhinga whaihua' tēnei o taua pāpānga huamoni. He tino iti ake te huamoni o ngā pūtea penapena. Whakakorehia tō nama ināianei.

Āe, he pai tonu kia noho wehe tō tahua ohotata. Ahakoa ka noho tārewa noa aua pūtea, kāore i te whiwhi huamoni nui, he pai tonu kia noho ki tētahi pūtea penapena tuihono. Kāore koe e hiahia kia noho raka, neke atu i te kotahi, rua marama rānei. I runga i tērā kōrero, ina tipu tō tahua ohotata ki te tiaki i te 3, 6, 12 marama rānei o ngā utunga, ka taea e koe te whakawehe i ētahi ki ngā kuhunga tūmau e nui ake ai te huamoni, me te haumi anō i te mōnehutanga o te tūmau. Anei ētahi kōrero mō te tīmata i tētahi tahua ohotata.

Kāore e taea e mātou te taunaki, te tūtohi rānei i ngā hua haumi tauwhāiti, inarā kāore mātou i te mōhio ki tō āhuatanga ahumoni, ki ō whāinga haumi rānei. Engari ka taea te kī, he nui ngā āheinga, ahakoa mākete hea, monihere rānei. Mō ngā tahua manawanui, otirā he hea te nuinga, hei tauira, ka taea e koe te whakataurite i ngā whaihua mā te whakamahi i a Smart Investor. Anei te wāhi kite i ngā whaihua pai rawa o mua.

Mēnā ko tāu whakamārama o te 'haumaru ake' ko ngā haumitanga he iti ngā piki me ngā heke, kāore i tino pāhekeheke, nā, ko ngā rawa 'moni whiwhi' pēnei i ngā monihere me te moni. Kua rongo koe he aha ngā tahua 'wawaonga'? O ngā momo tahua taurima kei waho nā (tae atu ki a Kiwisaver), ka tiakina koe mai i ngā takanga ohorere o tō tapeke, i te mea he monihere, he moni hoki te nuinga. E kore e nui ngā hua pērā ki ētahi atu momo, engari he iti ake te mōrearea o te heke nui o te uara. Nō reira mēnā kei te tata koe ki te whakamahi i ō moni haumi, me kī, ngā tau 1 ki te 3 e tū mai nei, he pai ēnei haumi. Anei ngā tahua taurima wawaonga katoa hei tauritenga.

E kao, ko te mea kē e hiahia ana, ko tētahi pāpānga penapena nui. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, me whakataha koe i ngā wāhanga nui o ō moni whiwhi, ā, ka haumitia. I te wā ka nui ake te tapeke o ngā moni ka riro mai i ngā haumitanga (ō hua) i ō whakapaunga, kātahi ka motuhake ā-ahumoni koe (arā, kua kore he kiko o te haere ki te mahi). Kei runga tēnei i te āhua o ō whakapaunga hoki. Ehara te nui o te moni whiwhi ā-tau i te mea e noho motuhake ai koe, i te mea he nui ngā tāngata whai moni nui, he nui anō hoki ngā whakapaunga. Ko tō pāpānga penapena te mea nui. Anei ētahi kōrero mō te penapena me te haumi.

Ko te mea nui ko te 'utu i a koe i te tuatahi' - kaua te utu i ngā pire katoa, ā, me te penapena i ngā toenga. Ko te mahi tuatahi ina utua koe ia wiki, he tuku i tētahi wāhanga pūtea ki tō pūtea penapena me ngā haumi, i mua o te utu i ngā mea pēnei i te kai me ētahi atu mea. Mā tēnei ka rere tonu ō moni ki te wāhi e hiahia ana koe. Anei ētahi kōrero e whai hua ai tēnei mōu, me ētahi huatahi penapena.

Ko te huarahi māmā rawa ki te haumi mai i tō utu tuatahi, ko te uru ki KiwiSaver. Ka whakaurua aunoa wawetia ngā kaimahi, nō reira e kore tētahi utunga e mahue. Ka tūhono ake te moni kaituku mahi me te kāwanatanga ki te hoko haumitanga pēnei i ngā hea o ngā kamupene, ngā monihere rānei (taurewa ki ngā kāwanatanga, kamupene rānei). Engari e rua ngā hua o te KiwiSaver: mō te kāinga tuatahi me te ahungarua. Mō ētahi au whāinga, arā ētahi atu tahua taurima i tua atu i a KiwiSaver. Anei te wāhi whakataurite i ērā mea i runga o Smart Investor.

Ko ngā pae haumi-moroiti pēnei i a Sharesies, Hatch, InvestNow, a Kernel rānei, kua whakaheke i ngā tauārai o te mahi haumi. Ehara i te mea me nui ngā moni e tīmata ai. Engari pērā ki ētahi atu momo 'utauta', kei runga i te āhua o te mahi e mahi nā koe. Taua moni haumi rā... mō te aha? Kia hia te roa o te haumi? Mā ngā pātai pēnei koe e āwhina ki te rapu whakautu. Mō te wā tika, kei runga tērā i tō āheinga ā-ahumoni - kaua i tō pakeke. He pūkete tamariki ā ētahi pae. He pai ki te whakamātautau, i te mea ka ako tātou mā te mahi, i roto i te taiao haumi. Anei ētahi kōrero me pēhea te tīmata.

He aha te tūponotanga o te kore tutuki i tō whāinga mā te haumitanga? Ko te mōrea tērā. I a koe e haumi ana, he nui ngā momo mōrea e kuhu nā koe (koirā te take e riro mai ana i a koe he hua), kaua ko te mōrea kotahi. He mōrea o te piki, he mōrea anō o te heke o te uara o ō haumitanga, me te tūpono ngaro o ō moni katoa. Ko te kī a te ture, me uru ki ngā tuhinga katoa e piri ana ki ngā hua haumi ngā mōrea nui i te wā e haumi ana. Mo te KiwiSaver me ngā tahua taurima, me ngā monihere me ngā tāpaetanga hea, ka kitea ēnei mōrea i Smart Investor.

Mō ngā haumi tino mōrea - ngā haumi 'manawanui' pēnei i te hea me te whare arumoni - he tino tūperepere te whānui o ngā whiwhinga: Atu ki te 23.9%, tau rawa ki te -9.0%. Ka pēnei i te 95% o te wā, nō reira tērā pea ka teitei ake, ka iti ake rānei ētahi hua. Kāore e taea e koe te matapae i te anamata, engari he tohu tērā i ngā whāinga. (Ā, ki te oati tētahi i ētahi hua teitei ake i ēnei, kei waho o ngā pāpānga ahuwhānui, me oma! Ko te āhua nei he tāware pea.) Anei tā mātou kaiwhakatau haumitanga i whiwhi ai koe i tētahi whakaaro o ngā hua hei matapaetanga.

Ko te penapena mō te pae tawhiti te momo penapena māmā, ā, me te uaua hoki. He uaua i te mea he tino tawhiti te whāinga, ā, he rehurehu te aronga. He māmā i te mea me iti noa tō penapena, me roa hoki. He pai hoki mēnā he aunoa, otirā koinā i pai ai ngā kaupapa pēnei i a KiwiSaver. E tutuki ai ngā whāinga pae tawhiti, me haumi i ō pūtea penapena, i te mea kei konā te tāmi ahumoni hei tūraki (i te mea he iti ake ngā mea e taea ana e te moni te hoko, i te hekenga o te wā). Ānei he kōrero ina rite koe ki te penapena me te haumi.

He pātai pai! Ko te utu o te noho puku e mōhiotia ana ko te 'utu āheinga' - e ine ana i tāu ka whiwhi ai pea i te wā i pātōtō mai ai te āheinga. Engari tērā hoki ngā mea ka ngaro i te hekenga o te wā, nā ngā āhuatanga o te tāmi ahumoni me ngā tāke. He nui te hunga e penapena ana anake - te tiaki moni ki te taha, kāore i te haumi - kei te hoki whakamuri kē i te hekenga o te wā. Anei he āwhina i a koe e tīmata ana ki te haumi.

Engari mō tēnā! E kore rawa e tōmuri rawa ki te tīmata i tō huarahi haumitanga, me te whakatipu haere i ō moni ki ō whāinga. I runga i tērā kōrero, ehara te mahi haumi i te huarahi e whairawa tere ai te tangata, ā, he nui ngā mahi 'haumi' i ēnei rā, he rite kē ki te petipeti me te mahi whakapae. He pai kia mōhio koe ki te rerekētanga. Anei ētahi pātai hei whiu i a koe e tīmata ana.

Kāore ngā wāhine katoa i whakarērea. E tohu ana ngā taunakitanga i te pai kē atu a te wahine ki te mahi haumi i te tāne, (he karo i ngā mahi tinihanga, te tauhokohoko me te mahi whakapae). He pai ake mātou ki te rapu i te tauritetanga i waenga i ngā mōrea me ngā whiwhinga. Engari he nui tātou kua noho i ngā tahataha o te mahi haumi, kāore i te mōhio ki hea tīmata ai. Me uru tātou ki te kēmu! I te mea ka pūhui haere ngā hua haumi i te hekenga o te wā, nō reira ko te tere o te tīmata, te painga atu.