Budgeting

Making ends meet – and making a surplus with our budgets – becomes all the more challenging when costs keep rising. The goal is to stay on track and not take on any new debt. Many times we can adjust our spending plans, but that said, we may need to take steps to earn more. Here are some tips to make your money go further, ways to save on groceries, and even ideas for side hustles to bring more money in.

Your goals, definitely. A budget is simply a plan to flow your money towards what you want, to live your best life. In addition to covering your bills and everyday expenses, the key thing with budgeting is to make a surplus, to have extra money left over, and not a deficit. Once you do, you've got money to aim at whatever goals you'd like to set. Here's where to start your budget. 

To build a great budget that you can stick to, it helps to first know your numbers. By tracking your spending, you’ll start to see where your money is going, and you’ll be better placed to make decisions about where you really want your money to go. Too often we skip the step of looking at our current spending and jump to starting a budget with numbers that aren’t realistic. The key is to capture everything you spend for a month or two to get your full spending picture. There are several apps designed to track spending on the go or you can download your past transactions from your bank, which really helps to see the patterns. Here’s more on money tracking. 

Using a budget to plan your spending and sticking to it not only helps make ends meet, it lets you spend on the things you want and enables you to reach your goals. Most things we'd like to achieve in life take money, and that money needs saving if we're not going to depend on debt too much. Once you've got a surplus in your budget, you can make sure it gets saved into separate accounts and builds towards what you want automatically. Live your best life! To set some goals today, here's our goal planner. 

The classic "envelope" or "jar" technique helps give every single dollar a job to do. Our budgeting tool is a digital version of this. With this way of budgeting, you add up your incoming money and then divide it into the different categories you need to spend on, like your regular expenses (rent, mortgage, phone, power, insurance) and your irregular ones (like food or petrol, which can go up and down). Most importantly, you can include the goals you’re saving for. Here's our budget planner to start your plan today. 

The first step is to add up your incomings – whatever money you have coming in. Next up are your outgoings, including regular and irregular expenses. To build your budget, it needs to be as accurate as possible and reflect the typical way you spend money. This makes it easy to see how your spending compares with what you earn. You'll either have a surplus (money left over) or a deficit (when you spend more than you bring in). To start your plan today, here's our budget planner. 

Saving for an emergency fund of $1000 is a great place to start, and then tackle all high-interest debt you're carrying. When you pay down debt first, if an emergency pops up, you are forced to borrow more in a crisis. With an emergency fund, however, you can handle those unexpected events like a car repair or trip to the vet, without sliding further into debt. The goal is to get out of debt for good, so here's more on starting your safety net. 

When people hear the word "budget" it can feel like your hands are tied, so it's better to think of it as a simple plan for your spending. First up is to see whether you are spending more or less than you've got coming in. If it's more, you can funnel your extra money towards what you want, and achieve your goals. To start your plan today, here's our budget planner. 

Incomes can be lumpy when you're a freelancer or self-employed, depending on the gig or contract. To start, it helps to figure out the minimum amount of money you'll need to meet your regular expenses. When you've worked out what you need to get by, you can give yourself a regular ‘salary’ each month to cover them. Anything above that amount can stay with the business for any slow months. In terms of your goals, you can set aside the percentage you want to make sure you're working towards them, even when your income goes up and down. Here's more for contractors. 

In order to not follow random money tips from just anyone, it helps to get professional, independent personalised financial advice. (It doesn't have to cost an arm and a leg.) Here's our guide to getting advice. Whichever kind you need, it helps to shop around, meet with a few advisers and find a good fit. For support with debt and budgeting, you can discuss your situation – even anonymously – with the team at MoneyTalks, which runs a free helpline. Easily chat online, call 0800 345 123 or text 4029 today. 

Buying a house can take some extreme saving, especially to build up a sizeable deposit and get on the property ladder. A spending plan (which is what a budget is) helps. This allows you to look at how much you can save each pay towards your deposit. Next, work out how much of a deposit you’ll need, based on how much you think you’ll spend on your home. Finally, you can work out the time you’ll need to reach your deposit amount. Your savings, over time, equals your deposit. Here's more on purchasing your first home, including government help and KiwiSaver. 

Good advice is gold, particularly when your circumstances have changed or you are making big money decisions. Life brings big choices sometimes, like when taking on a mortgage, protecting what's important with insurance or a will, or investing for the long term. That's precisely when you need a good financial adviser in your corner, and the best way to find one is to shop around before you settle on one. See our guide to getting advice to start your search. 

In order to not follow random money tips from just anyone, it helps to get professional, independent personalised financial advice. (It doesn't have to cost an arm and a leg.) Here's our guide to getting advice. Whichever kind you need, it helps to shop around, meet with a few advisers and find a good fit. For support with debt and budgeting, you can discuss your situation – even anonymously – with the team at MoneyTalks, which runs a free helpline. Easily chat online, call 0800 345 123 or text 4029 today.  

Budgets are for spontaneous people too! The trick is to have money for those spur-of-the moment expenses as part of your spending plan. Knowing what your limit is takes the guesswork out of it, but it also gives you the flexibility you need. What's most important is that you make a plan that’s right for you. Here's our budget planner to start your plan today. 

This depends on how much in your life you have to protect (and of course has to fit into your budget). There’s so much that can be important to us: the people in our lives, our present and future money, and all the stuff we own. Insurance products are about covering your people, your money or your stuff (hopefully in that order). Here’s more on the types of insurance out there to choose from. 

Many couples these days seem to be managing their money more separately. This has its pros and cons, but it’s important to know that a mix of separate and joint accounts can work, too. Separate accounts can be good for each person’s autonomy and independence. The key is to communicate well about your money, no matter how your accounts are held. While it’s only natural to have differences of opinion, getting on the same page brings many opportunities to get ahead financially that we wouldn’t have on our own. Here’s more for when you’re planning with your partner. 

Probably. Having a separate account to funnel your savings into helps it grow and not get mixed in with all your other spending. And the more automatic and out of sight, the better. We’re guessing you’re not just saving for the fun of it, but for goals you want to achieve. Having separate accounts for each of your targets is also useful, not only because you can more easily track your progress, but also in case you need to look at some other investment options for one or other of your goals (like term deposits for the short term, a managed fund for the medium term). Here are more goal-setting ideas. 

Typically, a mortgage lender will want to make sure you have a clear ability to make regular repayments over many years to your home loan. They check your ability to ‘service’ a mortgage, which is basically whether you can afford it. You’ll need to have sufficient and steady income, enough room in your budget to make repayments comfortably, and a deposit, preferably 20% of the house price. Here’s more when you’re looking into how much you can borrow.

Congratulations! Making a spending plan for when baby arrives is about budgeting for reduced income, and for the additional expenses that come along, like baby gear. Many couples find it helpful to do a test run on a single income before baby arrives. This gives you an early perspective on your expenses and any adjustments to make, and it also helps boost your savings ahead of time, which will come in handy for all the baby gear! Here's more for when you're planning for your new arrival. 

A budget is just a plan for your spending. In order to make sure you spend on what you actually want, a plan really helps. It's far too easy these days to find ourselves spending on things we never intended. Most of us who have to make choices about our money can benefit from a budget. It's not just for those of us having difficulties making ends meet. It lets us be in control, instead of just wondering where our money went. Here's our budget planner to start your plan today.

We may have cultural practices and responsibilities that are important to us, that require not only our time or presence to support but also our financial help.  Whether it be koha for tangi, unveilings or other hui it’s important that we are able to participate. Like anything that's important to us, similar to any goals we have, we can plan ahead for it financially.  Building an emergency fund helps to be ready when we are called upon to contribute – such as a 'koha account' set aside so that we can budget and be ready for any whānau, hapu or iwi kaupapa that come up. Here's our budgeting tool, where you can add your own emergency fund and or koha account into your plan. 

One thing that certainly helps with giving to our communities and cultural giving like fa'alavelave (the practice of contributing to large occasions like weddings or funerals) is to work it into our spending plans (our budgets). By saving regularly into a separate account we can then use it throughout the year. This can put you in the perfect position to meet all your obligations to family and community. Here's our budget planner to make your plan today.

Use Sorted’s budgeting tool to understand your income and expenses, then use our mortgage calculator to help you understand how much it will take to repay the mortgage.

Yeah, that’s obviously not going to be enough on its own. Saving money is not just about plugging the leaks here and there – it’s also about guiding your money where you want it. That’s why we’re really into spending plans these days, as well as what’s called “paying yourself first”. The idea is, before you pay everyone else, automatically tuck money away separately – sneakily even – towards saving for what you really want. So it goes to your goals – not someone else’s. That’s the way to get ahead.  

You’re probably being a bit hard on yourself, as we all lose control and impulse buy sometimes! Have you ever considered planning for it? That is, make a spending plan (a.k.a. a budget) that has a category for all your spontaneous money moves. When you give your budget room to breathe and bring all your spending into your plan, it makes it easier to stay on track.  

That said, if you’ve got a real addiction and truly are “shopping until you drop” – dropping way too many dollars uncontrollably – make sure to get some help and support straight away.  

Kua uaua ake te ūngutu - me te whakaputa tuhene i roto i ngā mahere pūtea - i te wā ka piki haere tonu ngā utu. Ko te whāinga kia mau tonu ki te ara, kia kaua e rapu taurewa hou. He nui ngā whakariterite i ō mātou mahere whakapau, engari i runga i tērā, ākene pea me nui ake ngā whiringa. Anei ētahi huatau kia tawhiti kē atu ō moni, he huarahi ki te penapena hoko kai, me ētahi whakaaro mahi moni tāpiri, ki te mahi moni anō.

Tūturu, ko ō whāinga. Ko te mahere pūtea he mahere e ahu ai ō moni ki ngā mea e hiahia ana koe, kia pai ai tō noho. Tāpiri ake, ki te utu pire, me ngā whakapaunga o ia rā, ko te mea nui o te whakamahere, kia puta ai he tuhene, kia toe mai he moni, ā, kia kaua e takarepa. Kia oti tērā, he moni wāu ki te whai i ō whāinga kua tau i a koe. Anei te wāhi tīmata i tō mahere pūtea.

E hangā ai he mahere pūtea pai, e ū nei koe, he pai tonu kia mōhio ki ō tatauranga i te tuatahi. Mā te whai haere i ō whakapaunga, ka kite koe i ahatia ō moni, ka pai ake tō noho ki te whakatau ake ki hea kē ahu ai i ō moni. Aua atu te wā ka karotia te mahi tirotiro i ngā whakapaunga o te wā nei, ka peke wawe ki te whakamahere engari he moemoeā kē ngā tatauranga. Ko te mea matua ko te kapo i ngā whakapaunga katoa mō te marama, e rua rānei, kia kite ai koe i te pikitia nui. Tērā ētahi taupānga hei whaiwhai whakapaunga, ka taea rānei te tikiake i ō kurutete o mua i tō pēke, otirā he tino āwhina ki te kite i ō whakapaunga. Anei ētahi kōrero mō te whaiwhai moni.

Ko te whakamahi i te mahere pūtea hei whakamahere i ō whakapaunga, me te ū ki taua mahere, tētahi huarahi ki te ūngutu, otirā he huarahi hoki ki te whakapau i ō moni ki ngā mea e hiahia ana koe, me te whakatutuki i ō whāinga. He utu tō te nuinga o ngā mea, otirā me penapena ki te kore e hiahia whirinaki ki te taurewa. Kia puta he tuhene i tō mahere, ka taea te penapena ki ngā pūkete wehe, me te whakapiki aunoa ki tāu e hiahia ana. Kia tika te oranga! Whakaritea ētahi whāinga i tēnei rā, anei tā mātou kaiwhakarite whāinga.

Ka āwhina te tikanga "kōpaki", "ipu" rānei kia whiwhi mahi ia tāra. He hōputu matihiko tā mātou utauta whakamahere o tēnei. Mā tēnei tikanga whakamahere, ka tāpiri koe i ō moni whiwhi katoa, ka whakawehe ki ngā wāhanga rerekē hei whakapaunga, pēnei i ngā utu auau (rēti, mōkete, waea, hiko, inihua) me ētahi atu (kai, hinu, ka piki ka heke hoki). Ko te mea nui, ka taea e koe te whakauru i ngā whāinga e penapenatia ana e koe. Anei tā mātou utauta whakamahere kai pai ai te tīmata i tō mahere i tēnei rā.

Ko te mahi tuatahi he tāpiri katoa i ō whiwhinga katoa - ngā moni e kuhu mai ana. Tuarua ko ō whakapaunga, tae atu ki ngā utu auau, ētahi atu utu hoki. Hei hanga i tō mahere pūtea, me tino tika, ā, me whakaata i ō taera whakapau moni. Ka māmā ake tō kite i te taurite o ō whakapaunga ki ō moni whiwhi. Ka puta pea he tuhene (he toenga moni), he takarepa rānei (he nui ake ngā whakapaunga i ngā whiwhinga). E tīmata ai tō mahere i te rā nei, anei tā mātou utauta whakamahere.

He wāhi pai hei tīmatanga, te penapena mō tētahi tahua ohotata, ā, kātahi ka rutu i ngā taurewa huamoni teitei e kawea ana e koe. Ki te utu koe i ngā nama i te tuatahi, ina pupū mai he ohotata, ka mate koe ki te mino pūtea anō i te wā o te raru. Engari mā te tahua ohotata, ka taea te utu i aua mea ohorere, pēnei i te whakatika motokā, te tākuta kīrehe, me te kore e nui atu te noho nama. Ko te whāinga kē, ko te puta i te taurewa mō ake tonu, nā reira anei ētahi kōrero mō te tīmata i tō tahua ohotata.

Ina rongo te tangata i te kupu "mahere pūtea", anō nei kua herea koe, nō reira he pai ake te whakaaro, he mahere tēnei hei āwhina i ō whakapaunga. I te tuatahi me titiro mēnā he nui ake ō whakapaunga i ō whiwhinga. Mēnā he nui ake, me ahu ō moni āpiti ki ngā mea e hiahia ana koe, ā, ka ea ō whāinga. E tīmata ai tō mahere i te rā nei, anei tā mātou utauta whakamahere.

He tautaka pea te moni whiwhi mēnā he kaimahi hangere, mahikuhu rānei, e whirinaki ana rānei ki tētahi kirimana. E tīmata ai, he pai tonu te whakaaro ake he aha te moni mōkito hei utu i ō utunga auau. Kia tau tērā, ka taea e koe te utu i a koe ki tētahi utu ā-marama ki te whakaea i aua utu. Ko ngā moni i tua atu i tērā, ka noho tonu ki te pakihi, mō te tūpono tōmuri ētahi marama. Ki te taha o ō whāinga, ka taea e koe te whakataha i te ōrau e whāia ana e koe, kia mārō tō whai atu, ahakoa ka piki, ka heke rānei tō moni whiwhi. Anei ētahi kōrero mā ngā kaikirimana.

Kia kore ai koe e whai i ngā tohutohu moni mai i te marahea, he pai tonu te rapu tohutohu ahumoni ngaio, motuhake, whaiaro hoki. (Ehara i te mea me nui te utu.). Anei tā mātou aratohu rapu tohutohu. Ahakoa te momo e hiahia ana koe, he pai tonu te tirotiro haere, te tūtaki ki ētahi kaitohutohu ki te rapu i te mea pai. Mō te tautoko ā-taurewa me te whakamahere, ka taea te whakawhiti kōrero, ā-kirimuna nei, ki te tira i MoneyTalks, he waea koreutu tā rātou, 0800 345 123, pātuhi rānei ki 4029.

Me kaha tonu te penapena ki te hoko whare, tatū noa ki te kohi i tētahi moni kuhu tino nui, e piki ai koe i te arawhata pupuri whare. He āwhina nui te mahere whakapau (arā, te mahere pūtea). Mā tēnei e tirotiro ai koe ki te nui o ō penapena i ia wiki ki tō moni kuhu. Whāia, whakaarotia te nui o te moni kuhu e hiahiatia ana, i runga anō i te nui o te utu o tō whare. Whakamutunga, me whiriwhiri i te roa o te whakatutuki i tō tapeke moni kuhu. Ko ō penapena, i te hekenga o te wā, ka puta ko tō moni kuhu. Anei ētahi kōrero mō te hoko whare tuatahi, tae atu i te āwhina kāwanatanga me te Kiwisaver.

He taonga nui ngā tohutohu rangatira, tatū noa i te wā ka huri ō āhuatanga, e whakatau ana rānei i ngā take moni nui. He wā anō ka taumaha ngā kōwhiringa o te oranga, pēnei i te rapu mōkete, te tiaki i ngā mea hira ki te inihua me te wira, te haumi moni mō te pae roa. Koinā te pai o te tiki i tētahi kaitohutohu ahumoni pai hei tautoko i a koe, ā, ko te huarahi pai ki te rapu i tētahi, ko te tirotiro haere i te tuatahi. Tirohia tā mātou aratohu rapu tohutohu hei tīmata i tō rapunga.

Kia kore ai koe e whai i ngā tohutohu moni mai i te marahea, he pai tonu te rapu tohutohu ahumoni ngaio, motuhake, whaiaro hoki. (Ehara i te mea me nui te utu.). Anei tā mātou aratohu rapu tohutohu. Ahakoa te momo e hiahia ana koe, he pai tonu te tirotiro haere, te tūtaki ki ētahi kaitohutohu ki te rapu i te mea pai. Mō te tautoko ā-taurewa me te whakamahere, ka taea te whakawhiti kōrero, ā-kirimuna nei, ki te tira i MoneyTalks, he waea koreutu tā rātou, 0800 345 123, pātuhi rānei ki 4029.

Mā te hunga ohorere hoki ngā mahere pūtea! Ko te mahi kē ko te whai pūtea mō aua utunga ohorere hei wāhanga o tō mahere whakapau. Ko te mōhio ki tō tepenga hei tango i ngā pōhēhētanga, me te tuku i te raungāwaritanga. Ko te mea nui kē, ko te hanga mahere e tika ana ki a koe. Anei tā mātou utauta whakamahere, e tīmata ai tō mahere i te rā nei.

Kei runga tēnei i te āhua o te nui o ngā mea hei tiaki māhau i tō oranga (ā, me uru ki tō mahere pūtea). He nui ngā mea hira ki a tātou: ko te tangata, ko te pūtea ināianei, anamata hoki, me ngā rawa e puritia ana. Ko te pūtake o te inihua ko te tiaki i ō tāngata, ō moni me ō rawa (i taua raupapatanga). Anei ētahi kōrero mō ngā momo inihua hei kōwhiringa.

He nui ngā tokorua i ēnei rā e whakahaere motuhake ana i ā rātou moni. Tērā ōna painga me ōna kino, engari he mea nui te mōhio he hua kei roto i te hanumitanga o ngā pūtea pēke motuhake, tūhono hoki. He pai ngā pūtea pēke motuhake mō te mana motuhake o te tangata. Ko te mea nui ko te whakawhiti kōrero mō tō moni, ahakoa pēhea te pupuri i ngā moni. He mea māori noa te rerekē o ngā whakaaro, engari ko tā te whakahāngai i ngā whakaaro, he kawe mai i ngā āheinga nui kia ahu whakamua, ā-ahumoni nei, tē taea e te tangata kotahi. Anei ētahi kōrero i te wā kei te whakamaheretia ai kōrua.

Te āhua nei āe. Ka āwhina te whiwhi pūtea pēke motuhake hei pupuri i ō penapena kia pai ai te tipu, kia kore e hanumitia ki ētahi atu whakapaunga. Ko te painga atu kia aunoa, ā, kia kore e kitea. E whakaaro ana mātou kāore koe i te penapena mō te ngahau anake, engari mō ngā whāinga kē hei whakatinana māhau. He pai tonu ngā pūtea pēke motuhake mō ia whāinga, otirā he ngāwari te whaiwhai haere, engari keihiahia koe ki te tirotiro ki tētahi atu whiringa haumitanga mō ō whāinga (pēnei i ngā kuhunga tūmau i te pae tata, te tahua taurima mō te pae waenga). Anei ētahi whakaaro whakatau whāinga.

Ko te hiahia a te kaituku mōkete kia mārama tō āhei ki te utu auau i ngā utunga i te pahemotanga o ngā tau maha, ki tō mōkete whare. ka tirohia tō āhei ki te 'whakarato' i te mōkete, arā, mēnā ka taea e koe te utu. Me rawaka, me māhoi ō moni whiwhi, me nui te rūma i tō mahere pūtea kia ngāwari ai te utu i ngā utunga, me te moni kuhu, ko te tikanga kia 20% o te utu o te whare. Anei ētahi kōrero i te wā kei te tirotiro koe ki te nui o te moni ka taea e koe te mino.

Ngā mihi nui ki a koe! Ko te tikanga o te hanga mahere whakapau mō te tūpono taenga mai o pēpi, ko te whakamahaere i runga anō i te hekenga o te moni whiwhi, ngā utu tāpiri ka pupū ake, pēnei i ngā tapupapu pēpi. He āwhintanga ki ngā tokorua te whakamātautau ki te noho i runga i te moni whiwhi kotahi i mua i te taenga mai o pēpi. Ka tuku tēnei i tētahi tirohanga wawe o ō utunga, me ngā whakatikatika, otirā ka whakakaha i ō penapena i mua o taua wā. He pai tonu hei hoko taputapu hou! Anei ētahi kōrero o te whakamahere mō tō pēpi hou.

He mahere noa te mahere pūtea o ō whakapaunga. He āwhina pai te mahere pūtea kia whakapau koe i ō moni i runga i tāu e hiahia ana. He māmā noa i ēnei rā te whakapau moni ki ngā mea kāore i takunetia. Ka whai hua te nuinga o tātou i te mahere pūtea, otirā te hunga e whai kōwhiringa ana i ia rā. Ehara mā te hunga anake kua taka ki te raru o te whai ūngutu. Ka whakahoki mai i te mana ki a tātou, kia kaua noa e whakaaro i ahatia e au aku moni? Anei tā mātou utauta whakamahere e tīmata ai tō mahere i te rā nei.

Ākene he tikanga, he kawenga ahurea whaitake nui ā mātou, kāore i te rapa anake i tō tātou wā, tō tātou aro, engari i tō tātou āwhinatanga ā ahurea ki te tautoko i ērā. Ahakoa koha, ahakoa tangi, hura kōhatu, tētahi atu hui rānei, he mea nui tonu kia whai wāhi atu tātou. Pērā ki ngā āhuatanga katoa, he mea nui ki a mātou, otirā he rite ki ētahi atu o ō mātou whāinga, te whakamahere ā-ahurea mō tērā.  Mā te whakarite i tētahi tahua ohotata hei āwhina i a tātou kia rite kia puta te karanga kia whai wāhi atu - pēnei i te 'pūkete koha' ka whakatahatia kia taea e tātou te whakamahere pūtea, kia rite hoki mō ngā tūponotanga kaupapa ā-whānau, ā-hapū, ā-iwi hoki. Anei tā mātou taputapu whakamahere pūtea, ka taea e koe te tāpiri i tōu ake tahua ohotata, pūkete koha hoki/rānei ki tō mahere.

Ko tētahi āwhina nui o te tuku whakaaro ki ngā kaupapa hapori, ahurea hoki pēnei i te te koha ki ngā kaupapa nui, ngā mārena, ngā tangihanga, ko te whakauru i ēnei ki roto i ngā mahere whakapau (ngā mahere pūtea). Mā te penapena ki tētahi pūtea motuhake, ka taea te whakamahi puta noa i te tau. Mā tēnei e tutuki ai ō takohanga katoa ki tō whānau me te hapori. Anei tā mātou utauta whakamahere e tīmata ai tō mahere i te rā nei.

Whakamahia te utatua whakamahere a Sorted kia mārama ki tō moni whiwhi me ō whakapaunga, kātahi ka whakamahi hoki i te tātaitai mōkete kia mārama ai koe mēnā e taea ana e koe te utu i te mōkete. 

Āe, e kore e ea i ērā mahi anake.  Ehara noa te penapena pūtea i te whakapuru i ngā āpure - engari ko te tohu i ō moni ki te wāhi e hiahiatia ana e koe.  Koirā i kaingākau ai ki a mātou ngā mahere whakapau pūtea i ēnei rā, tatū noa ki te mea e karangahia ana he "te utu i a koe i te tuatahi".  Ko te whakaaro ia, i mua i tō utu i ētahi atu, me aunoa te puri moni wehe - me huna pea - hei penapena mō tāu e tino hiahia ana.  Nā reira kua haere taua moni ki ō whāinga ake - kaua ki ō ētahi atu.  Koirā te huarahi e puta ai tō ihu.  

E āhua pākaha nei koe ki a koe anō, i te mea he wā anō ka tukuna ngā here, ā, ka remurere  te hokohoko!  Kua whai whakaaro anō kia ki te āta whakamahere mō tērā?  Arā, whakarite he mahere whakapau pūtea (arā he mahere pūtea) e whai nei i tētahi wāhanga mō ō whakapaunga pūtea ohorere.  Ina tuku koe kia whakangā tō mahere pūtea, me te tō mai i ō whakapaunga katoa ki tō mahere, ka māmā ake te pūmau ki te ara.